The Impact of Heavy Smoking on Male Infertility and Its Correlation with the Expression Levels of the PTPRN2 and PGAM5 Genes

Smoking has been linked to male infertility by affecting the sperm epigenome and genome. In this study, we aimed determine possible changes in transcript levels of PGAM5 (the phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5), PTPRN2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, N2-type receptor), TYRO3 (tyrosine protein kinase receptor) heavy smokers compared non-smokers, investigate their association with fundamental parameters. total, 118 samples (63 heavy-smokers (G1) 55 non-smokers (G2)) were included study. A semen analysis was performed according WHO guidelines. After a total RNA extraction, RT-PCR used quantify studied genes. G1, significant decrease standard parameters comparison shown (p < 0.05). Moreover, differentially expressed ≤ 0.03 p 0.01, respectively) downregulated spermatozoa G1 G2. contrast, no difference observed for 0.3). mRNA expression level genes correlated negatively motility, count, normal form, vitality, membrane integrity Therefore, smoking may affect gene fertility altering DNA methylation patterns associated quality, including PGAM5, PTPRN2, TYRO3.